Trends in advanced imaging and hospitalization for emergency department syncope care before and after ACEP clinical policy

ObjectivesTo describe recent trends in advanced imaging and hospitalization of emergency department (ED) syncope patients, both considered “low-value”, and examine trend changes before and after the publication of American College Emergency Physician (ACEP) syncope guidelines in 2007, compared to conditions that had no changes in guideline recommendations.MethodsWe analyzed 2002–2015 National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey data using an interrupted-time series with comparison series design. The primary outcomes were advanced imaging among ED visits with principal diagnosis of syncope and headache and hospitalization for ED visits with principal diagnosis of syncope, chest pain, dysrhythmia, and pneumonia. We adjusted annual imaging and hospitalization rates using survey-weighted multivariable logistic regression, controlling for demographic and visit characteristics. Using adjusted outcomes as datapoints, we compared linear trends and trend changes of annual imaging and hospitalization rates before and after 2007 with aggregate-level multivariable linear regression.ResultsFrom 2002 to 2007, advanced imaging rates for syncope increased from 27.2% to 42.1% but had no significant trend after 2007 (trend change: ?3.1%; 95%CI ?4.7, ?1.6). Hospitalization rates remained at approximately 37% from 2002 to 2007 but declined to 25.7% by 2015 (trend change: ?2.2%; 95%CI ?3.0, ?1.4). Similar trend changes occurred among control conditions versus syncope, including advanced imaging for headache (difference in trend change: ?0.6%; 95%CI ?2.8, 1.6) and hospitalizations for chest pain, dysrhythmia, and pneumonia (differences in trend changes: 0.1% [95%CI ?1.9, 2.0]; ?0.9% [95%CI ?3.1, 1.3]; and ?1.2% [95%CI ?5.3, 2.9], respectively).ConclusionsBefore and after the release of 2007 ACEP syncope guidelines, trends in advanced imaging and hospitalization for ED syncope visits had similar changes compared to control conditions. Changes in syncope care may, therefore, reflect broader practice shifts rather than a direct association with the 2007 ACEP guideline. Moreover, utilization of advanced imaging remains prevalent. To reduce low-value care, policymakers should augment society guidelines with additional policy changes such as reportable quality measures.     

WFSBP guidelines on how to grade treatment evidence for clinical guideline development

Objective and methods: This paper reviews sources of data typically used in guideline development, available grading systems, their pros and cons, and the methods for evaluating risks of bias in publications, and proposes a revised method for grading evidence and recommendations for use in development of clinical treatment guidelines.

Results: The new World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) grading system allows guideline developers to follow a multi-step approach of defining levels of evidence, applying criteria for grading (define the acceptability) and the grading of recommendations.

Conclusions: Further, these updated WFSBP recommendations for rating evidence and treatment recommendations provide a grading system that takes into account potential biases in sources of evidence in arriving at final ratings that are likely more clinically meaningful and pragmatic and thus should be used for the development of future treatment guidelines.     

Collagenous colitis without diarrhoea at diagnosis – a follow up study

Objective: Chronic watery diarrhoea is a classical symptom of collagenous colitis (CC). However, in some cases, the typical histologic findings of CC can be found in patients without this symptom. In this study we have performed a follow up on patients with a confirmed histological diagnosis of CC without the typical symptom watery diarrhoea.

Patients and methods: A structured medical record follow-up was performed on the subgroup of patients without watery diarrhoea but diagnosed with the typical CC histologic appearance in a previous study of microscopic colitis.

Results: At follow up after a median time of 8 years (range: 0.33–12 years), five of these fifteen patients developed bowel symptoms but only two developed characteristic CC symptoms with watery diarrhoea.

Conclusion: The majority of patients without chronic watery diarrhoea at diagnosis remained free from this symptom during follow up and only in a few cases symptoms attributed to CC developed.     

基于知识图谱的名医经验传承模式探究＊

名医经验传承是中医药文化传承和发展的重要内容。本文结合当前名医经验传承研究的基本现状以及名医学术经验整理与深度传承发展的核心需求，提出基于知识图谱的名医经验传承模式研究构想。利用知识图谱在多维度知识及海量信息网络整合方面的优势，从名医学术源流整理，学术思想挖掘及临床经验整理等多个角度出发，探讨知识图谱构建和挖掘分析的研究思路。通过多主题、结构化的知识图谱构建，探索名医经验传承系统化、规范化建设的新思路。     

动态对比增强磁共振成像对鼻咽癌临床分期的诊断价值评价

目的:探讨DCE-MRI各项参数对鼻咽癌临床分期的诊断价值。方法:纳入2016年1月至2019年12月确诊的208例NPC初诊患者为研究对象，均行DCE-MRI、DWI检查，分析临床分期不同的患者感兴趣区的转运常数（Ktrans）、血管外细胞外间隙体积百分数（Ve）、速率常数（Kep）、容积分数（fPV）、DWI表观扩散系数（ADC值），考察指标与NPC临床分期的相关性。结果:Ktrans、Ve值随NPC临床分期增加而增大，而ADC值则随之减小，随着T分期增加Ve值增加，Kep、fPV值则在不同分期均未见明显差异（P＞0.05）；相关性结果显示，Ktrans、Ve值与临床分期、T分期呈正相关，而ADC值呈负相关（P均<0.05）；ROC曲线分析结果显示，Ktrans曲线下面积最高，为0.915，而早期（I期、Ⅱ期）、晚期（Ⅲ期与Ⅳ期）的AUC分别为0.906、0.920，均高于DWI ADC（AUC分别为0.824、0.807）。结论:DCE-MRI测量参数可反映不同临床分期NPC的变化，可考虑用于NPC不同分期的诊断、疗效评价。     

T-DM1 Efficacy in Patients With HER2-positive Metastatic Breast Cancer Progressing After a Taxane Plus Pertuzumab and Trastuzumab: An Italian Multicenter Observational Study

BackgroundT-DM1 improves progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) in patients with metastatic human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive (HER2⁺) breast cancer progressing on prior trastuzumab plus a taxane. A paucity of data is available on T-DM1 efficacy after dual anti-HER2 blockade with pertuzumab and trastuzumab plus a taxane, which represents the current first-line standard of care. The present study is a retrospective/prospective evaluation of the efficacy and activity of second-line T-DM1 after front-line pertuzumab-based therapy.Patients and MethodsEligible patients were identified within the Gruppo Italiano Mammella (GIM) 14/BIOMETA study, a retrospective/prospective multicenter study on treatment patterns and outcomes of patients with metastatic breast cancer (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02284581). We searched for patients who received second-line T-DM1 after taxane plus trastuzumab and pertuzumab between November 15, 2013 and May 31, 2018. We calculated median PFS, median time to treatment failure (TTF), prolonged duration of therapy (PDT), objective response rate (ORR), and 1-year OS.ResultsOf 445 patients with HER2⁺ metastatic breast cancer, 77 were eligible for the analysis. At a median follow-up of 7 months, median PFS was 6.3 months (95% confidence intervals [CI], 4.8-7.7 months), and median TTF was 6.2 months (95% CI, 4-8.6 months). More than one-third of patients (37.6%; n = 29) experienced PDT with an ORR of 27.1%. At data cutoff, the median OS was not reached, and the 1-year OS was 82%.ConclusionsOur results show meaningful activity of T-DM1 after front-line pertuzumab plus trastuzumab and a taxane, with about 27% of patients having an objective response and 40% of patients achieving durable disease control.     

ICU临床实习阶段Sandwich教学法的应用分析

目的研究并分析Sandwich教学法应用于ICU临床实习阶段的临床价值及效果。方法选取时间段为2017年5月—2018年5月70例在本院ICU临床实习生作为研究对象,以数字表法随机分为常规组(35例)与研究组(35例),常规组采用常规带教实习教学方法,研究组实施Sandwich教学法,对两组实习生的教学效果展开对比。结果研究组的考试成绩、课堂活跃度、学生参与教学的主动性、学习积极性等均优于常规组,差异有统计意义(P<0.05)。结论ICU临床实习阶段采用Sandwich教学法,可以有效提升ICU实习生教学效果,提升实习生知识掌握水平和学习能力,应用价值显著。     

医院临床技能培训中心在应对疫情专项技能培训中的作用——以南通大学第五附属医院临床技能培训中心为例

2019 年底新型冠状病毒肺炎（以下简称新冠肺炎）疫情发生后，为抗击疫情和保障医护人员自身安全，开展了传染病防护技能专项培训。在本医院的临床技能培训中心，按“三区两通道”设置模拟隔离病区、开发传染病防控专项培训课程，对全体医护人员（特别是一线医护人员）进行传染病防护技能、进出隔离病区等项目实景培训及实战练习。以期迅速有效地提升医护人员传染病防护技能和防护下临床操作的熟练度、精准度，在更好地治疗患者的同时，实现了医护人员“零感染”的目标。同时也说明在医院临床技能培训中心设置模拟隔离病区、开设传染病防护技能课程，并纳入常态化培训考核的必要性和重要性。     

自身免疫性肝炎的肝组织病理学诊断

自身免疫性肝炎的肝组织病理学可表现各异,界面性肝炎伴淋巴-浆细胞浸润、“玫瑰花环”样结构及穿入现象是相对特征性表现,但非特异性。以上组织学表现需结合临床资料排除其他原因引起的肝炎才能诊断。主要阐述了自身免疫性肝炎的特征性组织学表现和特殊类型自身免疫性肝炎的组织学表现,讨论了组织学在自身免疫性肝炎的诊断与鉴别诊断中的价值。